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CISCO 相关技术大集合(收藏)__02

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CISCO 相关技术大集合(收藏)__01 http://blog.csdn.net/laofox/archive/2005/09/11/477511.aspx

七、ISDN
  
  1. 综合数字业务网(ISDN)

  综合数字业务网(ISDN)由数字电话和数据传输服务两部分组成,一般由电话局提供这种服务。ISDN的基本速率接口(BRI)服务提供2个B信道和1个D信道(2B+D)。BRI的B信道速率为64Kbps,用于传输用户数据。D信道的速率为16Kbps,主要传输控制信号。在北美和日本,ISDN的主速率接口(PRI)提供23个B信道和1个D信道,总速率可达1.544Mbps,其中D信道速率为64Kbps。而在欧洲、澳大利亚等国家,ISDN的PRI提供30个B信道和1个64Kbps D信道,总速率可达2.048Mbps。我国电话局所提供ISDN PRI为30B+D。

  2. 基本命令

  任务 命令
  设置ISDN交换类型 isdn switch-type switch-type1

  接口设置 interface bri 0

  设置PPP封装 encapsulation ppp

  设置协议地址与电话号码的映射 dialer map protocol next-hop-address [name hostname] [broadcast] [dial-string]

  启动PPP多连接 ppp multilink

  设置启动另一个B通道的阈值 dialer load-threshold load

  显示ISDN有关信息 show isdn {active | history | memory | services | status [dsl | interface-type number] | timers}

  注:1.交换机类型如下表,国内交换机一般为basic-net3。

  按区域分关键字 交换机类型

  Australia
  basic-ts013 Australian TS013 switches
  Europe
  basic-1tr6 German 1TR6 ISDN switches
  basic-nwnet3 Norway NET3 switches (phase 1)
  basic-net3 NET3 ISDN switches (UK, Denmark, and other nations); covers the Euro-ISDN E-DSS1 signalling system
  primary-net5 NET5 switches (UK and Europe)
  vn2 French VN2 ISDN switches
  vn3 French VN3 ISDN switches
  Japan
  ntt Japanese NTT ISDN switches
  primary-ntt Japanese ISDN PRI switches
  North America
  basic-5ess AT&T basic rate switches
  basic-dms100 NT DMS-100 basic rate switches
  basic-ni1 National ISDN-1 switches
  primary-4ess AT&T 4ESS switch type for the U.S. (ISDN PRI only)
  primary-5ess AT&T 5ESS switch type for the U.S. (ISDN PRI only)
  primary-dms100 NT DMS-100 switch type for the U.S. (ISDN PRI only)
  New Zealand
  basic-nznet3 New Zealand Net3 switches
  3. ISDN实现DDR(dial-on-demand routing)实例:
  设置如下:
  Router1:
  hostname router1
  user router2 password cisco
  !
  isdn switch-type basic-net3
  !
  interface bri 0
  ip address 192.200.10.1 255.255.255.0
  encapsulation ppp
  dialer map ip 192.200.10.2 name router2 572
  dialer load-threshold 80
  ppp multilink
  dialer-group 1
  ppp authentication chap
  !
  dialer-list 1 protocol ip permit
  !

  Router2:
  hostname router2
  user router1 password cisco
  !
  isdn switch-type basic-net3
  !
  interface bri 0
  ip address 192.200.10.2 255.255.255.0
  encapsulation ppp
  dialer map ip 192.200.10.1 name router1 571
  dialer load-threshold 80
  ppp multilink
  dialer-group 1
  ppp authentication chap
  !
  dialer-list 1 protocol ip permit
  !
Cisco路由器同时支持回拨功能,我们将路由器Router1作为Callback Server,Router2作为Callback Client。

  与回拨相关命令:

  任务 命令

  映射协议地址和电话号码,并在接口上使用在全局模式下定义的PPP回拨的映射类别。 dialer map protocol address name hostname class classname dial-string

  设置接口支持PPP回拨 ppp callback accept

  在全局模式下为PPP回拨设置映射类别 map-class dialer classname

  通过查找注册在dialer map里的主机名来决定回拨. dialer callback-server [username]

  设置接口要求PPP回拨 ppp callback request

  设置如下:
  Router1:
  hostname router1
  user router2 password cisco
  !
  isdn switch-type basic-net3
  !
  interface bri 0
  ip address 192.200.10.1 255.255.255.0
  encapsulation ppp
  dialer map ip 192.200.10.2 name router2 class s3 572
  dialer load-threshold 80
  ppp callback accept
  ppp multilink
  dialer-group 1
  ppp authentication chap
  !
  map-class dialer s3
  dialer callback-server username
  dialer-list 1 protocol ip permit
  !

  Router2:
  hostname router2
  user router1 password cisco
  !
  isdn switch-type basic-net3
  !
  interface bri 0
  ip address 192.200.10.2 255.255.255.0
  encapsulation ppp
  dialer map ip 192.200.10.1 name router1 571
  dialer load-threshold 80
  ppp callback request
  ppp multilink
  dialer-group 1
  ppp authentication chap
  !
  dialer-list 1 protocol ip permit
  !
  相关调试命令:
  debug dialer
  debug isdn event
  debug isdn q921
  debug isdn q931
  debug ppp authentication
  debug ppp error
  debug ppp negotiation
  debug ppp packet
  show dialer
  show isdn status
  举例:执行debug dialer命令观察router2呼叫router1,router1回拨router2的过程.
  router1#debug dialer
  router2#ping 192.200.10.1

router1#
  00:03:50: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface BRI0:1, changed state to up
  00:03:50: BRI0:1PP callback Callback server starting to router2 572
  00:03:50: BRI0:1: disconnecting call
  00:03:50: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface BRI0:1, changed state to down
  00:03:50: BRI0:1: disconnecting call
  00:03:50: BRI0:1: disconnecting call
  00:03:51: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface BRI0:2, changed state to up
  00:03:52: callback to router2 already started
  00:03:52: BRI0:2: disconnecting call
  00:03:52: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface BRI0:2, changed state to down
  00:03:52: BRI0:2: disconnecting call
  00:03:52: BRI0:2: disconnecting call
  00:04:05: : Callback timer expired
  00:04:05: BRI0:beginning callback to router2 572
  00:04:05: BRI0: Attempting to dial 572
  00:04:05: Freeing callback to router2 572
  00:04:05: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface BRI0:1, changed state to up
  00:04:05: BRI0:1: No callback negotiated
  00:04:05: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Virtual-Access1, changed state to up
  00:04:05: dialer Protocol up for Vi1
  00:04:06: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface BRI0:1, changed state
  to up
  00:04:06: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Virtual-Access1, chang
  ed state to up
  00:04:11: %ISDN-6-CONNECT: Interface BRI0:1 is now connected to 572
  #router1

  4. ISDN访问首都在线263网实例:

  本地局部网地址为10.0.0.0/24,属于保留地址,通过NAT地址翻译功能,局域网用户可以通过ISDN上263网访问Internet。263的ISDN电话号码为2633,用户为263,口令为263,所涉及的命令如下表:

任务 命令

  指定接口通过PPP/IPCP地址协商获得IP地址 ip address negotiated

  指定内部和外部端口 ip nat {inside | outside}

  使用ppp/pap作认证 ppp authentication pap callin

  指定接口属于拨号组1 dialer-group 1

  定义拨号组1允许所有IP协议 dialer-list 1 protocol ip permit

  设定拨号,号码为2633 dialer string 2633

  设定登录263的用户名和口令 ppp pap sent-username 263 password 263

  设定默认路由 ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 bri 0

  设定符合访问列表2的所有源地址被翻译为bri 0所拥有的地址 ip nat inside source list 2 interface bri 0 overload

  设定访问列表2,允许所有协议 access-list 2 permit any

  具体配置如下:

  hostname Cisco2503
  !
  isdn switch-type basic-net3
  !
  ip subnet-zero
  no ip domain-lookup
  ip routing
  !
  interface Ethernet 0
  ip address 10.0.0.1 255.255.255.0
  ip nat inside
  no shutdown
  !
  interface Serial 0
  shutdown
  no description
  no ip address
  !
  interface Serial 1
  shutdown
  no description
  no ip address
  !
  interface bri 0
  ip address negotiated
  ip nat outside
  encapsulation ppp
  ppp authentication pap callin
  ppp multilink
  dialer-group 1
  dialer hold-queue 10
  dialer string 2633
  dialer idle-timeout 120
  ppp pap sent-username 263 password 263
  no cdp enable
  no ip split-horizon
  no shutdown
  !
  ip classless
  !
  ! Static Routes
  !
  ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 bri 0
  !
  ! Access Control List 2
  !
  access-list 2 permit any
  !
  dialer-list 1 protocol ip permit
  !
  ! Dynamic NAT
  !
  ip nat inside source list 2 interface bri 0 overload
  snmp-server community public ro
  !
  line console 0
  exec-timeout 0 0
  !
  line vty 0 4
  !
  end

5. Cisco765M通过ISDN拨号上263

  由于Cisco765的设置命令与我们常用的Cisco路由器的命令不同,所以以下列举了通过Cisco765上263访问Internet的具体命令行设置步骤。

  >set system c765
  c765> set multidestination on
  c765> set switch net3
  c765> set ppp multilink on
  c765> cd lan
  c765:LAN> set ip routing on
  c765:LAN> set ip address 10.0.0.1
  c765:LAN> set ip netmask 255.0.0.0
  c765:LAN> set briding off
  c765:LAN>cd
  c765> set user remotenet
  New user remotenet being created
  c765:remotenet> set ip routing on
  c765:remotenet> set bridging off
  c765:remotenet> set ip framing none
  c765:remotenet> set ppp clientname 263
  c765:remotenet> set ppp password client
  Enter new Password: 263
  Re-Type new Password: 263
  c765:remotenet> set ppp authentication out none
  c765:remotenet> set ip address 0.0.0.0
  c765:remotenet> set ip netmask 0.0.0.0
  c765:remotenet> set ppp address negotiation local on
  c765:remotenet> set ip pat on
  c765:remotenet> set ip route destination 0.0.0.0/0 gateway 0.0.0.0
  c765:remotenet> set number 2633
  c765:remotenet> set active

  命令描述如下:

  任务 命令
  设置路由器系统名称 set system c765

  允许路由器呼叫多个目的地 set multidestination on

  设置ISDN交换机类型为NET3 set switch net3

  允许点到点间多条通道连接实现负载均衡 set ppp multilink on

  关掉桥接 set briding off

建立用户预制文件用于设置拨号连接参数- 可以设置多个用户预制文件用于相同的物理端口对应于不同的连接。 set user remotenet

  使用PPP/IPCP set ip framing none

  设置上网用户帐号 set ppp clientname 263

  设置上网口令 set ppp password client Enter new Password: 263 Re-Type new Password: 263

  不用PPP/CHAP或PAP做认证 set ppp authentication out none

  允许地址磋商 set ppp address negotiation local on

  设置地址翻译 set ip pat on

  设置默认路由 set ip route destination 0.0.0.0/0 gateway 0.0.0.0

  设置ISP的电话号码 set number 2633

  激活用户预制文件 set active
  
  返回目录

八、PSTN

  电话网络(PSTN)是目前普及程度最高、成本最低的公用通讯网络,它在网络互连中也有广泛的应用。电话网络的应用一般可分为两种类型,一种是同等级别机构之间以按需拨号(DDR)的方式实现互连,一种是ISP为拨号上网为用户提供的远程访问服务的功能。

  1. 远程访问

  1.1.Access Server基本设置:

  选用Cisco2511作为访问服务器,采用IP地址池动态分配地址.远程工作站使用WIN95拨号网络实现连接。
  全局设置:

  任务 命令
  设置用户名和密码 username username password password

  设置用户的IP地址池 ip local pool {default | pool-name low-ip-address [high-ip-address]}

  指定地址池的工作方式 ip address-pool [dhcp-proxy-client | local]

  基本接口设置命令:

  任务 命令
  设置封装形式为PPP encapsulation ppp

  启动异步口的路由功能 async default routing

  设置异步口的PPP工作方式 async mode {dedicated | interactive}

  设置用户的IP地址 peer default ip address {ip-address | dhcp | pool [pool-name]}

  设置IP地址与Ethernet0相同 ip unnumbered ethernet0

  line拨号线设置:

  任务 命令
  设置modem的工作方式 modem {inout|dialin}

  自动配置modem类型 modem autoconfig discovery

  设置拨号线的通讯速率 speed speed

  设置通讯线路的流控方式 flowcontrol {none | software [lock] [in | out] | hardware [in | out]}

  连通后自动执行命令 autocommand command

访问服务器设置如下:

  Router:
  hostname Router
  enable secret 5 $1$EFqU$tYLJLrynNUKzE4bx6fmH//
  !
  interface Ethernet0
  ip address 10.111.4.20 255.255.255.0
  !
  interface Async1
  ip unnumbered Ethernet0
  encapsulation ppp
  keepalive 10
  async mode interactive
  peer default ip address pool Cisco2511-Group-142
  !
  ip local pool Cisco2511-Group-142 10.111.4.21 10.111.4.36
  !
  line con 0
  exec-timeout 0 0
  password cisco
  !
  line 1 16
  modem InOut
  modem autoconfigure discovery
  flowcontrol hardware
  !
  line aux 0
  transport input all
  line vty 0 4
  password cisco
  !
  end

相关调试命令:

  show interface
  show line

  1.2. Access Server通过Tacacs服务器实现安全认证:

  使用一台WINDOWS NT服务器作为Tacacs服务器,地址为10.111.4.2,运行Cisco2511随机带的Easy ACS 1.0软件实现用户认证功能.

  相关设置:
  任务 命令

  激活AAA访问控制 aaa new-model

  用户登录时默认起用Tacacs+做AAA认证 aaa authentication login default tacacs+

  列表名为no_tacacs使用ENABLE口令做认证 aaa authentication login no_tacacs enable

  在运行PPP的串行线上采用Tacacs+做认证 aaa authentication ppp default tacacs+

  由TACACS+服务器授权运行EXEC aaa authorization exec tacacs+

  由TACACS+服务器授权与网络相关的服务请求。 aaa authorization network tacacs+

  为EXEC会话运行记帐.进程开始和结束时发通告给TACACS+服务器。 aaa accounting exec start-stop tacacs+

  为与网络相关的服务需求运行记帐包括SLIP,PPP,PPP NCPs,ARAP等.在进程开始和结束时发通告给TACACS+服务器。 aaa accounting network start-stop tacacs+

  指定Tacacs服务器地址 tacacs-server host 10.111.4.2

  在Tacacs+服务器和访问服务器设定共享的关键字,访问服务器和Tacacs+服务器使用这个关键字去加密口令和响应信息。这里使用tac作为关键字。 tacacs-server key tac

访问服务器设置如下:
  hostname router
  !
  aaa new-model
  aaa authentication login default tacacs+
  aaa authentication login no_tacacs enable
  aaa authentication ppp default tacacs+
  aaa authorization exec tacacs+
  aaa authorization network tacacs+
  aaa accounting exec start-stop tacacs+
  aaa accounting network start-stop tacacs+
  enable secret 5 $1$kN4g$CvS4d2.rJzWntCnn/0hvE0
  !
  interface Ethernet0
  ip address 10.111.4.20 255.255.255.0
  !
  interface Serial0
  no ip address
  shutdown
  interface Serial1
  no ip address
  shutdown
  !
  interface Group-Async1
  ip unnumbered Ethernet0
  encapsulation ppp
  async mode interactive
  peer default ip address pool Cisco2511-Group-142
  no cdp enable
  group-range 1 16
  !
  ip local pool Cisco2511-Group-142 10.111.4.21 10.111.4.36
  tacacs-server host 10.111.4.2
  tacacs-server key tac
  !
  line con 0
  exec-timeout 0 0
  password cisco
  login authentication no_tacacs
  line 1 16
  login authentication tacacs
  modem InOut
  modem autoconfigure type usr_courier
  autocommand ppp
  transport input all
  stopbits 1
  rxspeed 115200
  txspeed 115200
  flowcontrol hardware
  line aux 0
  transport input all
  line vty 0 4
  password cisco
  !
  end

2. DDR(dial-on-demand routing)实例

  此例通过Cisco 2500系列路由器的aux端口实现异步拨号DDR连接。Router1拨号连接到Router2。其中采用PPP/CHAP做安全认证,在Router1中应建立一个用户,以对端路由器主机名作为用户名,即用户名应为Router2。同时在Router2中应建立一个用户,以对端路由器主机名作为用户名,即用户名应为Router1。所建的这两用户的password必须相同。

  相关命令如下:

  任务 命令

  设置路由器与modem的接口指令 chat-script script-name EXPECT SEND EXPECT SEND (etc.)

  设置端口在挂断前的等待时间 dialer idle-timeout seconds

  设置协议地址与电话号码的映射 dialer map protocol next-hop-address [name hostname]

[broadcast] [modem-script modem-regexp] [system-script system-regexp] [dial-string]

  设置电话号码 dialer string dial-string

  指定在特定线路下路由器默认 使用的chat-script script {dialer|reset} script-name

  Router1:
  hostname Router1
  !
  enable secret 5 $1$QKI7$wXjpFqC74vDAyKBUMallw/
  !
  username Router2 password cisco
  chat-script cisco-default "" "AT" TIMEOUT 30 OK "ATDT \T" TIMEOUT 30 CONNECT \c
  !
  interface Ethernet0
  ip address 10.0.0.1 255.255.255.0
  !
  interface Async1
  ip address 192.200.10.1 255.255.255.0
  encapsulation ppp
  async default routing
  async mode dedicated
  dialer in-band
  dialer idle-timeout 60
  dialer map ip 192.200.10.2 name Router2 modem-script cisco-default 573
  dialer-group 1
  ppp authentication chap
  !
  ip route 10.0.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.200.10.2
  dialer-list 1 protocol ip permit
  !
  line con 0
  line aux 0
  modem InOut
  modem autoconfigure discovery
  flowcontrol hardware

  Router2:
  hostname Router2
  !
  enable secret 5 $1$F6EV$5U8puzNt2/o9g.t56PXHo.
  !
  username Router1 password cisco
  !
  interface Ethernet0
  ip address 10.0.1.1 255.255.255.0
  !
  interface Async1
  ip address 192.200.10.2 255.255.255.0
  encapsulation ppp
  async default routing
  async mode dedicated
  dialer in-band
  dialer idle-timeout 60
  dialer map ip 192.200.10.1 name Router1
  dialer-group 1
  ppp authentication chap
  !
  ip route 10.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 192.200.10.1
  dialer-list 1 protocol ip permit
  !
  line con 0
  line aux 0
  modem InOut
  modem autoconfigure discovery
  flowcontrol hardware
  !
  相关调试命令:
  debug dialer
  debug ppp authentication
  debug ppp error
  debug ppp negotiation
  debug ppp packet
  show dialer

3. 异步拨号备份DDN专线:

  此例主连接采用DDN专线,备份线路为电话拨号。当DDN专线连接正常时,主端口S0状态为up,line protocol亦为up,则备份线路状态为standby,line protocol为down,此时所有通信均通过主接口进行。当主接口连接发生故障时,端口状态为down,则激活备份接口,完成数据通信。此方法不适合为X.25做备份。因为,配置封装为X.25的接口只要和X.25交换机之间的连接正常其接口及line protocol的状态亦为 up,它并不考虑其它地方需与之通信的路由器的状态如何,所以若本地路由器状态正常,而对方路由器连接即使发生故障,本地也不会激活备份线路。例4将会描述如何为X.25做拨号备份。

  以下是相关命令:

  任务 命令
  指定主线路改变后,次线路状态发生改变的延迟时间 backup delay {enable-delay | never} {disable-delay | never}

  指定一个接口作为备份接口 backup interface type number

  hostname c2522rb
  !
  enable secret 5 $1$J5vn$ceYDe2FwPhrZi6qsIIz6g0
  enable password cisco
  !
  username c4700 password 0 cisco
  ip subnet-zero
  chat-script cisco-default "" "AT" TIMEOUT 30 OK "ATDT \T" TIMEOUT 30 CONNECT \c
  chat-script reset atz
  !
  interface Ethernet0
  ip address 16.122.51.254 255.255.255.0
  no ip mroute-cache
  !
  interface Serial0
  backup delay 10 10
  backup interface Serial2
  ip address 16.250.123.18 255.255.255.252
  no ip mroute-cache
  no fair-queue
  !
  interface Serial1
  no ip address
  no ip mroute-cache
  shutdown
  !
  interface Serial2
  physical-layer async
  ip address 16.249.123.18 255.255.255.252
  encapsulation ppp
  async mode dedicated
  dialer in-band
  dialer idle-timeout 60
  dialer map ip 16.249.123.17 name c4700 6825179
  dialer-group 1
  ppp authentication chap
  !
  interface Serial3
  no ip address
  shutdown
  no cdp enable
  !
  interface Serial4
  no ip address
  shutdown
  no cdp enable
  !
  interface Serial5
  no ip address
  no ip mroute-cache
  shutdown
  !
  interface Serial6
  no ip address
  no ip mroute-cache
  shutdown
  !
  interface Serial7
  no ip address
  no ip mroute-cache
  shutdown
  !
  interface Serial8
  no ip address
  no ip mroute-cache
  shutdown
  !
  interface Serial9
  no ip address
  no ip mroute-cache
  shutdown
  !
  interface BRI0
  no ip address
  no ip mroute-cache
  shutdown
  !
  router eigrp 200
  network 16.0.0.0
  !
  ip classless
  !
  dialer-list 1 protocol ip permit
  !
  line con 0
  line 2
  script dialer cisco-default
  script reset reset
  modem InOut
  modem autoconfigure discovery
  rxspeed 38400
  txspeed 38400
  flowcontrol hardware
  line aux 0
  line vty 0 4
  password cisco
  login
  !
  end
  c2522rb#

4. 异步拨号备份X.25:

  设置X.25的拨号备份,首先X.25连接的端口必须运行动态路由协议,异步拨号口必须使用静态路由.本例选择EIGRP作为路由选择协议,将静态路由的Metric的值设置为200,由于EIGRP的默认Metric为90,所以当同时有两条路径通往同一网段时,其中Metric值小的路径生效,而当X.25连接出现问题时,路由器无法通过路由协议学习到路由表,则此时静态路由生效,访问通过拨号端口实现。当X.25连接恢复正常时,路由器又可以学习到路由表,则由于 Metric值的不同,静态路由自动被动态路由所代替,这样就实现了备份的功能。

  路由器Router1配置如下:
  hostname router1
  !
  enable secret 5 $1$UTvD$99YiY2XsRMxHudcYeHn.Y.
  enable password cisco
  !
  username router2 password cisco
  ip subnet-zero
  chat-script cisco-default "" "AT" TIMEOUT 30 OK "ATDT \T" TIMEOUT 30 CONNECT \c
  chat-script reset atz
  interface Ethernet0
  ip address 202.96.38.100 255.255.255.0
  !
  interface Serial0
  ip address 202.96.0.1 255.255.255.0
  encapsulation x25
  x25 address 10112227
  x25 htc 16
  x25 map ip 202.96.0.2 10112225 broadcast
  !
  interface Serial1
  no ip address
  shutdown
  !
  !
  interface Async 1
  ip address 202.96.1.1 255.255.255.252
  encapsulation ppp
  dialer in-band
  dialer idle-timeout 60
  dialer map ip 202.96.1.2 name router2 modem-script cisco-default 2113470
  dialer-group 1
  ppp authentication chap
  !
  router eigrp 200
  redistribute connected
  network 202.96.0.0
  !
  ip route 202.96.37.0 255.255.255.0 202.96.1.2 200
  dialer-list 1 protocol ip permit
  line con 0
  line aux 0
  script dialer cisco-default
  script reset reset
  modem InOut
  modem autoconfigure discovery
  transport input all
  rxspeed 38400
  txspeed 38400
  flowcontrol hardware
  line vty 0 4
  password cisco
  login
  !
  end

路由器Router2配置如下:
  hostname router2
  !
  enable secret 5 $1$T4IU$2cIqak8f/E4Ug6dLT0k.J0
  enable password cisco
  !
  username router1 password cisco
  ip subnet-zero
  chat-script cisco-default "" "AT" TIMEOUT 30 OK "ATDT \T" TIMEOUT 30 CONNECT \c
  chat-script reset atz
  !
  interface Ethernet0
  ip address 202.96.37.100 255.255.255.0
  !
  interface Serial0
  ip address 202.96.0.2 255.255.255.0
  no ip mroute-cache
  encapsulation x25
  x25 address 10112225
  x25 htc 16
  x25 map ip 202.96.0.1 10112227 broadcast
  !
  interface Serial1
  no ip address
  shutdown
  !
  interface Async1
  ip address 202.96.1.2 255.255.255.252
  encapsulation ppp
  keepalive 30
  async default routing
  async mode dedicated
  dialer in-band
  dialer idle-timeout 60
  dialer wait-for-carrier-time 120
  dialer map ip 202.96.1.1 name router1 modem-script cisco-default 2113469
  dialer-group 1
  ppp authentication chap
  !
  router eigrp 200
  redistribute static
  network 202.96.0.0
  !
  no ip classless
  ip route 202.96.38.0 255.255.255.0 202.96.1.1 200
  dialer-list 1 protocol ip permit
  !
  line con 0
  exec-timeout 0 0
  line aux 0
  script reset reset
  modem InOut
  modem autoconfigure discovery
  transport input all
  rxspeed 38400
  txspeed 38400
  flowcontrol hardware
  line vty 0 4
  password cisco
  login
  !
  end

 九、路由协议

  (一)RIP协议
  
  RIP(Routing information Protocol)是应用较早、使用较普遍的内部网关协议(Interior Gateway Protocol,简称IGP),适用于小型同类网络,是典型的距离向量(distance-vector)协议。文档见RFC1058、RFC1723。

  RIP通过广播UDP报文来交换路由信息,每30秒发送一次路由信息更新。RIP提供跳跃计数(hop count)作为尺度来衡量路由距离,跳跃计数是一个包到达目标所必须经过的路由器的数目。如果到相同目标有二个不等速或不同带宽的路由器,但跳跃计数相同,则RIP认为两个路由是等距离的。RIP最多支持的跳数为15,即在源和目的网间所要经过的最多路由器的数目为15,跳数16表示不可达。

  1. 有关命令
  任务 命令

  指定使用RIP协议 router rip

  指定RIP版本 version {1|2}1

  指定与该路由器相连的网络 network network

  注:1.Cisco的RIP版本2支持验证、密钥管理、路由汇总、无类域间路由(CIDR)和变长子网掩码(VLSMs)

  2. 举例
  Router1:
  router rip
  version 2
  network 192.200.10.0
  network 192.20.10.0
  !
  相关调试命令:
  show ip protocol
  show ip route
  
  返回目录

 (二)IGRP协议
  
  IGRP (Interior Gateway Routing Protocol)是一种动态距离向量路由协议,它由Cisco公司八十年代中期设计。使用组合用户配置尺度,包括延迟、带宽、可靠性和负载。

  缺省情况下,IGRP每90秒发送一次路由更新广播,在3个更?芷谀?即270秒),没有从路由中的第一个路由器接收到更新,则宣布路由不可访问。在7个更?芷诩?30秒后,Cisco IOS 软件从路由表中清除路由。

  1. 有关命令

  任务 命令
  指定使用RIP协议 router igrp autonomous-system1

  指定与该路由器相连的网络 network network

  指定与该路由器相邻的节点地址 neighbor ip-address

  注:1、autonomous-system可以随意建立,并非实际意义上的autonomous-system,但运行IGRP的路由器要想交换路由更新信息其autonomous-system需相同。

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