Management styles are characteristic ways of making decisions and relating to subordinates. Different management styles can be employed dependent on the culture of the business, the nature of the task, the nature of the workforce and the personality and skills of the leaders. This idea was further developed by Robert Tannenbaum and Warren H. Schmidt who argued that the style of leadership is dependent upon the prevailing circumstance; therefore leaders should exercise a range of management styles and should deploy them as appropriate.
Autocratic
An Autocratic style means that the manager makes decisions unilaterally, and without much regard for subordinates. As a result, decisions will reflect the opinions and personality of the manager; this in turn can project an image of a confident, well managed business. On the other hand, subordinates may become overly dependent upon the leaders and more supervision may be needed.
There are two types of autocratic leaders:
the Directive Autocrat makes decisions unilaterally and closely supervises subordinates;
the Permissive Autocrat makes decisions unilaterally, but gives subordinates latitude in carrying out their work.
Paternalistic
A more Paternalistic form is also essentially dictatorial; however, decisions take into account the best interests of the employees as well as the business. A good example of this would be David Brent or Michael Scott running the business in the fictional television show The Office. The leader explains most decisions to the employees and ensures that their social and leisure needs are always met. This can help balance out the lack of worker motivation caused by an autocratic management style. Communication is again generally downward, but feedback to the management is encouraged to maintain morale. This style can be highly advantageous when it engenders loyalty from the employees, leading to a lower labour turnover, thanks to the emphasis on social needs. It shares disadvantages with an autocratic style, such as employees becoming dependent on the leader.
Democratic
In a Democratic style, the manager allows the employees to take part in decision-making: therefore everything is agreed by the majority. The communication is extensive in both directions (from subordinates to leaders and vice-versa). This style can be particularly useful when complex decisions need to be made that require a range of specialist skills: for example, when a new ICT system needs to be put in place, and the upper management of the business is computer-illiterate. From the overall business's point of view, job satisfaction and quality of work will improve. However, the decision-making process is severely slowed down, and the need of a consensus may avoid taking the 'best' decision for the business. It can go against a better choice of action.
As the autocratic leaders, democratic leaders are also two types i.e. permissive and directive.
Laissez-faire
In a Laissez-faire leadership style, the leader's role is peripheral and staff manage their own areas of the business; the leader therefore evades the duties of management and uncoordinated delegation occurs. The communication in this style is horizontal, meaning that it is equal in both directions, however very little communication occurs in comparison with other styles. The style brings out the best in highly professional and creative groups of employees, however in many cases it is not deliberate and is simply a result of poor management. This leads to a lack of staff focus and sense of direction, which in turn leads to much dissatisfaction, and a poor company image.
分享到:
相关推荐
从传统型管理风格向团队型管理风格的转变.doc
领导管理风格及时间管理
领导力的管理风格与要求
领导的管理风格和素质要求
一款超棒的bootstrap管理风格的模板,对响应式布局支持非常好
劳动关系管理风格.docx
管理风格与领导力.doc
现代管理风格与领导力.doc
冲突管理风格问卷中文版.doc
职业经理人的管理风格.pptx
小学班主任民主型管理风格分析.docx
幼儿教师班级管理风格调查-论文.zip
SteveJobs在苹果电脑公司的新旧管理风格.pdf
5-6辅助上司-目标和管理风格.pptx
收集了目前比较流行的25款不同风格的静态管理页面。
Metro UI windows8风格的扁平化后台管理div+css源码
多种风格的后台管理模板,白色风格、黑色风格、简约、蓝色、深蓝、绿色、ext..
5.有各行业风格、韩国风格、欧美风格等提供选择(在官方网选择) 一、界面模板丰富多彩,精美 1. 中网景提供丰富精美的各款式风格的网站界面模板让您选择,让你方便快捷拥有精美而功能强大的网站。 2.有简洁型、...
研究笔记:新兴欧洲管理风格中不同看法的影响 C 研究笔记:新兴欧洲管理风格中不同看法的影响 Maud Tixier 执行摘要 东西方看法之间的差异仍然是西方管理者在寻求投资东方时面临的第一个挑战欧洲。 撇开当地文化并...